Romancing the firefly

ScienceDaily (June 26, 2012) ? The twinkling of fireflies heralds summer romance for these magical insects. While courting on-the-wing, male fireflies attract females' attention with bioluminescent flashes.

But new research from biologists at Tufts University's School of Arts and Sciences, published online in Proceedings of the Royal Society -- Biological Sciences, reveals that, after the lights go out, female fireflies prefer substance over flash. They seem to choose mates able to give them the largest "nuptial gift" (a high protein sperm package that helps females produce more eggs) without regard to flashes. Those generous males are also more likely to succeed in becoming the fathers of the next firefly generation.

Previous work on Photinus fireflies shows that females are very picky during the on-wing stage of courtship. These females will only flash a response toward select males that light up with especially attractive courtship flashes. After a lengthy back-and-forth exchange, the flashing stops, the lights go out, and firefly pairs spend the night together.

A night of firefly romance also includes gifts, called spermatophores, that each male donates to his sweetheart. But the next night these females are likely to mate again with a different male.

After a female has mated with several males, the big evolutionary question becomes: which male gets to pass along his genes to the next generation of firefly babies?

"Lots of people don't realize that sexual selection is happening not only before mating, but also during and even after mating," said Professor of Biology Sara Lewis, an expert on the evolutionary process of sexual selection and senior author on the paper. "Focusing on what happens after contact, we wanted to examine how much a male's success -- in both mating and fathering offspring -- depended on his flashes or on his nuptial gift offering."

Lewis and coauthor Adam South, who studied in the Lewis lab and recently received his Ph.D. from Tufts' Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, set up an experiment using infrared video and paternity testing based on firefly DNA to determine what makes certain males more successful after the lights go out.

To get the female fireflies in the mood, the researchers relied on LED lights programmed to make two kinds of flashes. Some females saw only artificial male flashes determined by previous research to be highly attractive to females; others saw unattractive flashes.

Male fireflies were also split into two groups: virgins whose nuptial gifts were large since the males had never mated and males whose spermatophores were smaller because they had mated the previous night. After several minutes of courtship flashing, males and females were put together in pairs, and the Tufts biologists videotaped their close-up courtship behaviors under infrared illumination. Because they take place under cover of darkness, many of these behaviors had never before been observed.

Analysis of hours of firefly video revealed that once a female was in close quarters with a male, she was much more likely to mate with males that had larger nuptial gifts to offer, as determined by the researchers' later examination. The females didn't seem to care what kind of male flashes they had seen.

"We were surprised to discover that attractive flashes only seem to benefit males during the early stages of firefly courtship," said South. "Initially, flashes are important. Female fireflies preferentially respond to males based on temporal flash characteristics. Once males make physical contact, however, females switch to an alternative cue -- one that's related to male nuptial gift size. What makes this especially intriguing is that females have no way to directly evaluate gift size, since it's created and transferred internally."

Furthermore, when females mated sequentially with two different males, paternity testing of their offspring revealed yet another benefit for big gift-givers. Males that gave larger nuptial gifts fathered more of their mate's offspring compared with rival males. South and Lewis say that's probably because larger gifts contain more sperm.

So not unlike human romance, love remains a mystery among fireflies and first impressions are only part of the story. While a female's initial assessment of potential mates is based on males' luminescent flashes, the Tufts research shows that once a pair makes contact, sexy flashes no longer matter. Instead, it's those males that have larger nuptial gifts to give that win out with higher reproductive success. Males with limited resources may face a trade-off between investing either in sexy flashes or in costly gifts.

The work was funded by the National Science Foundation.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Tufts University, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal Reference:

1. A. South, S. M. Lewis. Determinants of reproductive success across sequential episodes of sexual selection in a firefly. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012; DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0370

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Marine energy doubled by predicting wave power

Public release date: 26-Jun-2012
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Contact: Sarah Hoyle
s.hoyle@exeter.ac.uk
44-139-272-2062
University of Exeter

The energy generated from our oceans could be doubled using new methods for predicting wave power. Research led by the University of Exeter, published (27 June) in the journal Renewable Energy, could pave the way for significant advancements in marine renewable energy, making it a more viable source of power.

The study was carried out by a team of mathematicians and engineers from the University of Exeter and Tel Aviv University. They devised a means of accurately predicting the power of the next wave in order to make the technology far more efficient, extracting twice as much energy as is currently possible.

Marine energy is believed to have the potential to provide the UK with electricity twice over. However, technologies to extract and convert energy from the sea are relatively immature, compared with solar or wind, and are not yet commercially competitive without subsidy. Very substantial progress has been made by the leading device developers, but key challenges remain: preventing devices being damaged by the hostile marine environment; and improving the efficiency of energy capture from the waves. This research addresses both problems by enabling control over the devices that extract wave energy. The key to this is to enable devices to accurately predict the power of the next wave and respond by extracting the maximum energy.

The research focused on point absorbers, commonly-used floating devices with parts that move in response to waves, generating energy which they feed back to the grid. Point absorbers are already known to be much more efficient in the amount of energy they produce if their response closely matches the force of the waves and previous research has looked at trying to increase this efficiency. However, this is the first study that has focused on increasing the device's efficiency by predicting and controlling internal forces of the device caused by forthcoming waves.

The team devised a system, which enables the device to extract the maximum amount of energy by predicting the incoming wave. This information enables a programme to actively control the response required for a wave of a particular size. Because the device responds appropriately to the force of the next wave, it is far less likely to be damaged and would not need to be turned off in stormy conditions, as is currently the case.

Lead author Dr Guang Li of the University of Exeter said: "Our research has the potential to make huge advances to the progress of marine renewable energy. There are significant benefits to wave energy but progressing this technology has proved challenging. This is a major step forward and could help pave the way for wave energy to play a significant role in providing our power."

Co-author Dr Markus Mueller of the Environment and Sustainability Institute at the University of Exeter's Cornwall Campus said: "The next step is for us to see how effective this approach could be at a large scale, by testing it in farms of Wave Energy Converters."

The University of Exeter is collaborating with Ocean Power Technologies, a leading wave energy device developer, to exploit and further develop the results from this research. This further activity is supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) in a project called 'WavePort'.

###

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 26-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Sarah Hoyle
s.hoyle@exeter.ac.uk
44-139-272-2062
University of Exeter

The energy generated from our oceans could be doubled using new methods for predicting wave power. Research led by the University of Exeter, published (27 June) in the journal Renewable Energy, could pave the way for significant advancements in marine renewable energy, making it a more viable source of power.

The study was carried out by a team of mathematicians and engineers from the University of Exeter and Tel Aviv University. They devised a means of accurately predicting the power of the next wave in order to make the technology far more efficient, extracting twice as much energy as is currently possible.

Marine energy is believed to have the potential to provide the UK with electricity twice over. However, technologies to extract and convert energy from the sea are relatively immature, compared with solar or wind, and are not yet commercially competitive without subsidy. Very substantial progress has been made by the leading device developers, but key challenges remain: preventing devices being damaged by the hostile marine environment; and improving the efficiency of energy capture from the waves. This research addresses both problems by enabling control over the devices that extract wave energy. The key to this is to enable devices to accurately predict the power of the next wave and respond by extracting the maximum energy.

The research focused on point absorbers, commonly-used floating devices with parts that move in response to waves, generating energy which they feed back to the grid. Point absorbers are already known to be much more efficient in the amount of energy they produce if their response closely matches the force of the waves and previous research has looked at trying to increase this efficiency. However, this is the first study that has focused on increasing the device's efficiency by predicting and controlling internal forces of the device caused by forthcoming waves.

The team devised a system, which enables the device to extract the maximum amount of energy by predicting the incoming wave. This information enables a programme to actively control the response required for a wave of a particular size. Because the device responds appropriately to the force of the next wave, it is far less likely to be damaged and would not need to be turned off in stormy conditions, as is currently the case.

Lead author Dr Guang Li of the University of Exeter said: "Our research has the potential to make huge advances to the progress of marine renewable energy. There are significant benefits to wave energy but progressing this technology has proved challenging. This is a major step forward and could help pave the way for wave energy to play a significant role in providing our power."

Co-author Dr Markus Mueller of the Environment and Sustainability Institute at the University of Exeter's Cornwall Campus said: "The next step is for us to see how effective this approach could be at a large scale, by testing it in farms of Wave Energy Converters."

The University of Exeter is collaborating with Ocean Power Technologies, a leading wave energy device developer, to exploit and further develop the results from this research. This further activity is supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) in a project called 'WavePort'.

###

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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Parts of Mars may have been modified by liquid water in recent geologic times

ScienceDaily (June 25, 2012) ? A new study reveals that parts of Mars may have been modified by liquid water in recent geologic times, which might indicate more favourable conditions for life on the planet. Carried out by researchers from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, in conjunction with German planetary researchers at Wilhelm?s University in Muenster and the Germany Aerospace Center (DLR) in Berlin, the study have now been published in the journal ICARUS, the International Journal for Solar System Studies.

The surface of Mars displays a diverse landscape, and a new study shows that large areas of the northern hemisphere have undergone a number of freeze-thaw cycles.

?This process is common in our own Arctic permafrost environments and causes the formation of lobate features on slopes,? says Andreas Johnsson at the University of Gothenburg?s Department of Earth Sciences. ?As the Martian landscapes we?re studying feature ground-ice, our interpretation is that liquid water has been available in the ground during thaw periods.?

Gullies formed by water

When the ice melted, the near-surface sediment on the slopes became saturated with the melt water and then slowly began to move downwards on top of the still frozen permafrost table due to gravity.

?You can see these structures in close proximity to what are known as gullies,? says Andreas Johnsson.

The researchers have long suspected that the gullies, which are geologically young landforms, were formed by liquid water.

?Our question was: if liquid water can occur in local niches, predominantly in impact craters, where most of the gullies are to be found, then shouldn?t we see more signs of thawing and the effects of melt water, along the lines of those in our own Arctic environments??

In the study, which focuses on the northern hemisphere of Mars, the researchers could see lobate features in close proximity to the gullies. Morphologically similar landforms are also to be found in Arctic areas on Earth, and are known as solifluction lobes.

Comparisons with Earth

In the study, the researchers compared Martian landforms with known solifluction landforms in Svalbard.

?Unlike local ice-melting, as suggested by the ravines, the solifluction lobes indicate that there has probably been more widespread thawing of the Martian landscape,? says Andreas Johnsson. ?Consequently there must have been liquid water in large areas, which is interesting for our understanding of past climates.?

The results show either that the climate models for Mars must be fine-tuned to include the climatic conditions required by these features, or that there is another factor at play.

Since the Mars Phoenix Lander mission it has been confirmed that the ground contains salts that can affect the freezing point of water on Mars so that it can be liquid even at sub-zero temperatures and low atmospheric pressure.

?We don?t yet know which of these scenarios is more likely ? it could be a combination of the two.?

Searching for life on Mars

Transient liquid water is also of considerable interest when looking for favourable environments for life on Mars. Research has shown that organisms can survive for long periods without water in cold environments on Earth, but that there must be access to water at times.

?On Mars, these landforms may suggest that the ice melts during favourable ?warm? periods and the ground is temporarily saturated with water before freezing again when a new cold period comes along. This process is probably seasonal and linked to periods when Mars? polar axis was more tilted. Given the varying climate on Mars, it is possible that these conditions are recurring. It has to be emphasized, however, that process-landform interpretation can be problematic due to convergence, which means that different sets of processes may result in similar-looking landforms. Nevertheless, based on comparative morphology, morphometry relationships and the proximity to gullies make these landforms consistent with solifluction.?

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Gothenburg.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal Reference:

1. A. Johnsson, D. Reiss, E. Hauber, M. Zanetti, H. Hiesinger, L. Johansson, M. Olvmo. Periglacial mass-wasting landforms on Mars suggestive of transient liquid water in the recent past: Insights from solifluction lobes on Svalbard. Icarus, 2012; 218 (1): 489 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.12.021

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Track & Field LeDuc Named to Capital One Academic All-America Team for Connecticut College Cross Country & Track & Field

NEW LONDON, Conn.--Connecticut College sophomore Mike LeDuc (Canton, Conn.) has been named to the Capital One Academic All-America Men's Cross Country/Track & Field Third Team in Division III as selected by The College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA).

LeDuc garnered All-America accolades in the 3000 meter steeplechase at the 2012 NCAA Outdoor Track & Field Championship in Claremont, Calif. The sophomore standout posted a school record setting time of 8:59.54 en route to a fourth place finish, besting his previous school mark of 9:01.83 that was set at the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) Championship May 18. He also moved up two spots from his All-America finish in 2011.

"I am not at all surprised that Mike has accomplished so much academically and athletically in only two years at Connecticut College," Connecticut College Head Men's Cross Country and Assistant Head Track & Field Coach Jim Butler said. "When I first started recruiting him, I quickly came to learn that Mike came from a very supportive family, had a great background at Canton (Conn.) High School both in the classroom and running-wise, and that he was extremely motivated and dedicated to being as good as he can be in all of his endeavors. I distinctly remembering telling Fran (Athletic Director Fran Shields) that if Mike were to enroll here, he might become the best student-athlete I have ever had the pleasure to coach, and he is now doing just that."

LeDuc posted a time of 9:03.72 in the 3000 meter steeplechase to place sixth at the 2011 NCAA Division III Outdoor Track & Field Championship at Ohio Wesleyan University, capping off a memorable rookie season as an All-American for Connecticut College

This past fall, LeDuc was named to the first team of the All-New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) Men's Cross Country squad for the second consecutive year.

At the 2011 NESCAC Cross Country Championship, LeDuc placed seventh on the 8k course with a time of 26:25.

LeDuc, the 2010 NESCAC Rookie of the Year, placed fifth in his first NESCAC Championship at Hamilton College with a time of 26:23. In the classroom, the botany major has been recognized on the NESCAC All-Academic Team in all three seasons for the Camels this year. During the 2011-2012 academic year, CoSIDA recognized five Connecticut College student-athletes as first team honorees in District 2. In the fall, seniors Isaac Hancock (Men's Soccer) and Amy Newman (Volleyball) garnered All-District honors. Senior swimmer Tim Walsh (At-Large) and Lindsay Paiva (Cross Country/Track & Field) joined LeDuc as First Team selections in the District this spring.

About Capital One

Capital One Financial Corporation (www.capitalone.com) is a financial holding company whose subsidiaries, which include Capital One, N.A. and Capital One Bank (USA), N. A., had $122.2 billion in deposits and $197.5 billion in total assets outstanding as of December 31, 2010. Headquartered in McLean, Virginia, Capital One offers a broad spectrum of financial products and services to consumers, small businesses and commercial clients. Capital One, N.A. has approximately 1,000 branch locations primarily in New York, New Jersey, Texas, Louisiana, Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia. A Fortune 500 company, Capital One trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "COF" and is included in the S&P 100 index.

Capital One, an NCAA Corporate Champion, began its affiliation with college sports with the sponsorship of the 2001 Capital One Florida Citrus Bowl (now the Capital One Bowl) and ESPN's Capital One Bowl Week. In 2010, Capital One launched the Capital One Cup, a prestigious new program rewarding NCAA Division I athletics programs for their cumulative on-field performance across multiple men's and women's sports. In addition, Capital One sponsors the ABC College Football Halftime Report, Capital One All-America Mascot Team, all 88 NCAA Championships including the Division I Men's and Women's Basketball Championships, and numerous other collegiate athletics programs. To be eligible for Academic All-America? consideration, a student-athlete must be a varsity starter or key reserve, maintain a cumulative G.P.A. of 3.30 on a scale of 4.00, have reached sophomore athletic and academic standings at his/her current institution and be nominated by his/her sports information director. Since the program's inception in 1952, CoSIDA has bestowed Academic All-America honors on more than 14,000 student-athletes in Divisions I, II, III and NAIA, covering all NCAA championship sports. For more information about the Academic All-America? Teams program, please visit www.cosida.com.

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Who Could Benefit From Marriage And Family Therapy | Run Port

Some people think that marriage and family therapy Beverly Hills is for dysfunctional families or those people who are going through traumatic events. However, counseling is helpful for everyone. There is no such thing as a perfect relationship or home life.

All families will benefit from this type of counseling. Today, different families merge and they will make use of such therapy. Step parenting can be stressful even if you have been doing it for a long time. Mediation helps parents to cope with these situations in a better way.

It can be quite a juggling act to make sure that each of the loved ones is given the right amount of attention. This is where counseling is so beneficial. Family members will be taught to interact with each other in an acceptable manner.

Disharmony among husbands and wives can be sorted out with a few counseling sessions. Speaking to an outsider with an objective view will work wonders for the marriage. Daily living can place a toll on the couple, and this will spill over to children and other loved ones. Therapists are trained to give couples coping skills that will get the marital relationship functioning normally.

A relationship counselor is a normal person, parent and neighbour, just like everyone of us. They help normal people with everyday problems, because they experience those problems too. The only difference is that they have been educated to understand how different people react to situations and they have studied the coping mechanisms to help people through difficult times.

Many people have trouble adjusting to changes in life. For that reason experts advise couples to attend premarital counseling. This will help them to deal with issues that are there already before throwing additional pressure on top. Even newlyweds can benefit from marriage and family therapy beverly hills when they start to notice the imperfections in their relationship.

You can visit the website http://www.michaelneetherapy.com for more helpful information about marriage and family therapy beverly hills.

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New Jersey mayor shows up at accident scene ? again

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Imogen Thomas is really fond of Sports

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Syria downs Turkish jet, Ankara to act decisively

BEIRUT (Reuters) - Syria shot down a Turkish warplane over the Mediterranean on Friday and Ankara warned it would respond decisively to the incident that threatened a new international dimension to the 16-month revolt against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

Syria said the Turkish aircraft was flying low, well inside Syrian territorial waters when it was shot down.

With the second biggest army in NATO, a force hardened by nearly 30 years of fighting Kurdish rebels, Turkey would be a formidable foe for the Syrian army which is already struggling to put down a 16-month-old revolt.

But Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan's initial comments and subsequent statement on the downing of the F-4 jet were measured in tone. He said Turkish and Syrian forces were working together to search for the two missing crew of the aircraft.

"As a result of information obtained from the evaluation of our concerned institutions and from within the joint search and rescue operations with Syria, it is understood that our plane was brought down by Syria," Erdogan's office said in a statement.

"Turkey will present its final stance after the incident has been fully brought to light and decisively take the necessary steps," the office said after a two-hour emergency meeting between prime minister, the chief of general staff, the defense, interior and foreign ministers, the head of national intelligence and the commander of the air force.

Turkish media had reported earlier that Syria had apologized for the incident, but Erdogan made no mention of an apology.

Violence raged on unabated inside Syria, which appears to be sliding towards a sectarian-tinged civil war pitting majority Sunni Muslims against Assad's minority Alawite sect.

Ankara, which had drawn close to Syria before the uprising against Assad, turned against the Syrian leader when he responded violently to pro-democracy protests inspired by popular upheavals elsewhere in the Arab world. Turkey now gives refuge to the rebel Free Syrian Army on its frontier with Syria.

Erdogan, whose enmity with Assad has assumed a strongly personal nature, gave no hint what action he might contemplate.

A statement by the Syrian military said the Turkish plane was flying low, just one kilometer off the Syrian coast, when it was hit by anti-aircraft fire. The plane fell in Syrian waters 10-kms (seven miles) west of the village of Um al-Touyour.

"The navy of the two countries have established contact. Syrian naval vessels are participating along with the Turkish side in the search operation for the missing pilots," it said.

Turkish state television interviewed witnesses on the country's Mediterranean coast, near the Syrian border, who said they saw two low-flying fighter jets pass overhead in the morning in the direction of Syrian waters but only one return.

Ankara has previously floated the possibility of setting up some kind of safe haven or humanitarian corridor inside Syria, which would entail military intervention, but has said it would undertake no such action without U.N. Security Council approval.

Turkey has said however that Assad must go.

Turkey hosts about 32,000 Syrian refugees and allows the rebel Syrian Free Army to operate from its territory. The opposition Syrian National Council meets in Istanbul.

Russia and China, Assad's strongest backers abroad, have fiercely opposed any outside interference in the Syrian crisis, saying envoy Kofi Annan's peace plan is the only way forward.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said after talks with his Syrian counterpart that he had urged Syria to "do a lot more" to implement Annan's U.N.-backed proposals, but that foreign countries must also press rebels to stop the violence.

Lavrov said the Syrian authorities were ready to withdraw troops from cities "simultaneously" with rebels. A Syrian military pullback and a ceasefire were key elements in Annan's six-point peace plan, most of which remains a dead letter.

"DESTRUCTIVE COMPETITION"

Annan hit out at some countries he said had taken national initiatives that risked unleashing "destructive competition".

He told a news conference in Geneva that he wanted states with influence on both sides of the conflict to be involved in the peace process, including Iran, Assad's closest ally.

The U.N.-Arab League envoy was speaking a week before a planned Syria crisis meeting that is in doubt because of Western objections to the Islamic Republic's participation.

Rebels killed at least 25 members of a mainly Alawite pro-Assad militia, and in a separate incident troops turned heavy machineguns on opposition demonstrators in the northern city of Aleppo, killing 10, opposition activists said.

"Armed terrorist groups committed a brutal massacre against 25 citizens in Darat Azzah," state TV reported, saying more were missing from the village in Aleppo province.

Several men covered in blood and piled on top of each other on a roadside, some in army fatigues and some in t-shirts, could be seen in a video link sent by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, apparently showing the aftermath of the same incident.

The British-based opposition watchdog said 26 men believed to be pro-Assad "Shabbiha" militiamen had been killed.

Assad's foes have accused troops and Shabbiha militiamen of perpetrating many abuses against civilians, including mass killings, in the uprising that began in March last year with peaceful protests against four decades of Assad family rule.

In Aleppo, Syria's business hub, thousands of demonstrators were marching toward the central Saadallah al-Jabiri Square when four armored vehicles fired on them, activists told Reuters by telephone. Two of them said they were speaking from Aleppo.

"The wounded were taken to houses and are trapped there. They cannot be transported to hospitals because troops and Shabbiha are surrounding the neighborhood," one of them said.

Aleppo, along with central Damascus, had stayed relatively quiet in the early months of the revolt that engulfed many other provincial cities, but unrest has gradually spread there too.

Activist video footage showed a large crowd of protesters, some draped in revolutionary flags, running along a street as heavy gunfire cracked out. Another video showed a man whose chest was covered in blood being dragged along the road.

FOUR OFFICERS DEFECT

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported heavy government shelling on opposition strongholds in Idlib, Deraa and Homs provinces, as well as fighting between troops and rebels in the eastern city of Deir al-Zor on Friday, a day when anti-Assad protests often erupt after Muslim prayers.

The 46-year-old leader's power rests mainly on the military and a cluster of security agencies dominated by his minority Alawite sect, a distant offshoot of Shi'ite Islam.

Four brothers, two brigadier-generals and two colonels, announced their defection from the army in a video posted on the Internet on Friday, a day after a Syrian air force pilot flew his MiG-21 fighter plane to neighboring Jordan.

The brothers come from the northern province of Idlib, but do not appear to have had frontline roles in months of fighting there. Two worked as doctors in the Aleppo military hospital, one was an inspector and one was an air force instructor.

The armed forces have suffered a trickle of defections to the opposition, but have remained mostly loyal despite the strain of battling an increasingly potent insurgency.

(Additional reporting by Jonathan Burch in Ankara, Ayat Basma in Beirut, Khaled Yacoub Oweis in Amman, Steve Gutterman in St Petersburg, Stephanie Nebehay in Geneva and Avril Ormsby in London; Writing by Alistair Lyon; Editing by Jon Boyle and Jon Hemming)

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Lindsay Lohan Exhaustion Claim Prompts Union Investigation

Two Hollywood unions are scrutinizing worker safety and welfare on Lifetime's Liz & Dick movie set following Lindsay Lohan's exhaustion incident last week.

Lindsay reportedly passed out so hard after four marathon days that a doctor found her unresponsive and called 911; paramedics found her to be just fine.

Lohan later joked about exhaustion and cute paramedics on Twitter, but two unions aren't laughing. Rather, they're concerned about workplace safety.

Larry A. Thompson, producer of the Lifetime movie starring Lohan as Elizabeth Taylor, said Wednesday that no violations were found in one union’s review.

The Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of TV and Radio Artists confirmed it visited the production and “will continue to visit” to enforce guild rules.

“We spoke with representatives from the production company, and they are fully aware of their contractual obligations,” the guild said in a statement.

"We will ensure that all applicable penalties will be paid."

IATSE, the stage employees union, said it’s keeping a watchful eye on the production’s working conditions following Lohan's four-day, 85-hour claim.

“We have had union representatives on the set since last Friday and will continue to monitor the hours and working conditions there,” the group said.

Filming has been rocky for Lohan thus far, to the surprise of no one. The star also was involved in serious car crash on her way to the set on June 8.

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A look at immigration reforms Romney promised in speech to Hispanic group in Florida (Star Tribune)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

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Keeping Our Children's Hearts: Raising Teens ? Part 2

By Contributing Writer, Candace

If you missed Part 1, you can click here to catch up.

In Part 1, I shared with you the joys of raising our teen girls.? I think it?s important to talk about the joys of teens because often our culture?says that the teen years will be difficult and should be feared.? You?ve heard it before, ?Just wait until they?re teens!?? So encouraging to new parents, right?

If you are parents to little ones, don?t be afraid!? Pray that God will give you the wisdom to shepherd your children into God-fearing teens, and then adults.? If you?re parents to teens already, enjoy them.? Talk with them and?pray for them continually!? ?If you have a teen who has rebelled, pray that God would turn his/her heart around, and trust that He is in control and?has a purpose for their lives.

No matter how perfect we may perceive a family to be, we all have the same thing in common.??It?s?called our sin nature.? None of us are immune from it, so we can all expect some tough spots along the way.

I?ll share what we?ve learned?thus far and focus on those day-to-day tough spots: those days when hormones are getting the best of them, or they question your decisions, or think you?re being unfair.? ? Here are some practical ways to deal with those tough spots:

Be understanding.

Hormones can get the best of all of us. But hopefully, as we get older and mature in Christ, we?re able to exercise more self-control.? We need to be compassionate when our teen doesn?t wake up?on the right side of the bed. Just like I want my kids to extend grace to me when I?m not in the greatest of moods, I must extend the same grace to them. This doesn?t excuse crossing the line of?disrespect?we must all exhibit Christ-like hearts, but we can give grace on those hormonally off days.? I?m so thankful my kids love and forgive me on my off days.

Put on then, as God?s chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience?? Colossians 3:12

Pick your battles wisely.

I don?t know about you, but I?ve always hated this term! After all, I?m the parent, and I certainly don?t want my kids battling me so much that I must start picking which ones to fight. However, there are situations when I might not agree with my teen, yet, their desire, method,?or request is not wrong or sinful (obviously, sin must be dealt with).

For example, my younger teen loves to cook! I am grateful! However, she cooks rather slowly and makes quite a mess while doing it. I used to walk in the kitchen and either ask her why she wasn?t finished yet, or criticize the mess. I began to see the discouragement on her face and realized I was worried more about the mess than her service to our family! I decided to just stay out of her way and let her do her thing in her own time and in her own way. She knows that when she is finished, she must clean up. She?s also learned how much time she needs to complete a meal or bake something and is careful to allot herself that time.? She?s a fabulous cook!

If I had continued to oversee?her?in the kitchen, critiquing her every move, she would see meal time as a burden and not a joy.? As long as?sin is not involved, and it won?t hurt others, be willing to let some things go.

But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, impartial and sincere.? James 3:17

Compromise.

As we?re raising our children, we want them to?develop intelligent minds that can think for themselves.? This is good. We want our children to think for themselves and question things that don?t seem right.? Until that is?.they start questioning US!? I often laugh during these times, thinking that I miss when they were little?when they shared all?our same opinions and thought?we hung the moon.? But when we raise them to be logical thinkers, they enjoy debating quite a bit.? Our family rule has always been that if you don?t agree with a decision or don?t understand something, you are free to respectfully ask questions or state your case.? Once the?debate turns heated, it?s over.? One thing we must not do is find ourselves arguing with our teens (we?have been?guilty of this).? But when a respectful debate ensues, we are happy to listen, and have often compromised based on their ability to articulate their position.

When I say compromise, I am not talking about compromising God?s word, our values, or standards.?? These compromises may?come in the form of: staying up later on a school night for a particular reason, or extending curfew a bit because of a special outing or function, or agreeing on a fair amount of time to spend on the computer, iTouch, video games,?etc.? Sometimes, we as parents, can be so quick to say no, or stand firm?on our black and white rules, that we?re not willing to just listen and?try to compromise.

Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.? Matthew 5:9

They will make mistakes.

This has been a difficult area for me, personally. I made so many mistakes as a teenager, that I want to do whatever I can to prevent mine from making the same ones. This partially entails me being open about my teenage years so that they understand where I?m coming from. However, I tend to take that into areas that aren?t that big a deal and expect them to heed my every warning.? I?ve been known to get offended when they don?t take my word for it.? But I?m learning that there are some areas in which they must learn on their own.? And that?s okay!

Our teens will make mistakes just like we did when we were their age?.and still do.? But we must weigh those?decisions against real sin.? We certainly don?t want to send them out ill-equipped and expect them to always make the right decisions, but if they have been equipped, then allow them to make decisions that you may not necessarily see as wise, so that they can learn from them.

Though he fall, he shall not be cast headlong, for the Lord upholds his hand.? Psalm 37:24

Be quick to forgive.

No matter how many times we may be unhappy with each other, or have spats, we are always quick to forgive.? There?s nothing worse than a parent who stays mad at you for days on end, or treats you like they don?t love you because you made a mistake. We all make mistakes. Forgive quickly and restore fellowship between you and your teen.

Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you.?

Ephesians 4:32

Allow the Holy Spirit to work in them.

When you?ve raised your child?in the Lord, and they have a relationship with Him, there comes a point when we have to trust that the Holy Spirit will lead and guide them.? Easier said than done.? There was no harder time to practice this than when Cheyenne and Nathan were courting and engaged.? For us, though we viewed Cheyenne as a mature adult, this was our first experience down this road.? On one hand, we trusted their intentions and commitment towards purity.? On the other hand, temptation can get the best of us, especially when we?re young and very in love!

We did have fairly strict guidelines in place during their courtship, but my husband brought much needed balance to the process.? He was much better at discerning situations that were?necessary to allow the Holy Spirit to guide, and which ones required more parental guidance for our daughter.

But there are many situations that our teens will face that will allow the Holy Spirit to guide.? Teens are surrounded by a?general decline of moral standards, and we can?t follow them around every second or keep them locked up.? This is when we must trust God, and the work He does through the Holy Spirit!

But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you.? John 14: 26

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Easter Island?s statues may have been ?walked? to their location

Researchers "walk" a replica of Easter Island's famous statues (Sheela Sharma/National Geographic)

Were the giant statues on Easter Island actually "walked" to their final resting spots?

Researchers have unveiled a new theory that may redefine the historical understanding of how natives on Easter Island transported the iconic moai statues.

Writing in July's issue of National Geographic magazine, California State University at Long Beach archeologist Carl Lipo and Hawaii anthropologist Terry Hunt postulate that Polynesian natives used a system of ropes and manpower to walk the statues across the island.

"A lot of what people think they know about the island turns out to be not true," Lipo says.

Using the ropes, islanders would stand on each side of the statues, swaying them back and forth to create the walking effect.

Popular theory has held that the islanders created sled-like devices out of the island's trees to cart the statues. That theory also claims that deforestation from the island's inhabitants as part of the statue transporting process was directly tied to the population's eventual downfall.

Instead, Lipo and Hunt say the island's population was actually sustainable and instead fell victim to disease when European explorers first visited the island. In fact, Lipo said the cooperative effort involved in his transportation theory might have led to a more harmonious existence amongst Easter Island's inhabitants.

"You're actually putting a lot of your effort into the process of moving a statue rather than fighting," Lipo said. "Moving the moai was a little bit like playing a football game."

Jared Diamond, proponent of the sled transportation and subsequent deforestation theory, has disputed the new theory.

"This seems an implausible recipe for disaster," Diamond wrote in a post titled "The Myths of Easter Island" on Mark Lynas' blog. "Imagine it yourself: If you were told to transport a 90-ton statue 33 feet high over a dirt road, why would you risk tipping and breaking it by transporting it vertically with all its weight concentrated on its small base, rather than avoiding the risk of tipping by laying it flat and distributing its weight over its entire length?"

To counter Diamond's criticism, Lipo and Hunt attempted to recreate the walking method. They built a 5-ton moai replica (much smaller than the 90-ton Easter Island versions) and found the method worked quite well. And Hunt tells MSNBC that the theory applies to the larger statues as well.

"With the physics of the taller statue, you have greater leverage," he said. "It almost gets to the point where you would have to do it that way."

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Multi-function Anti-pressure - Weight loss Classifieds

Free Classifieds Health & Fitness Weight Loss

The specially designed vacuum pump can quickly improve size and shape or breast, without any aching and health threat, it does not involve silicon injection or pushing and filling bra, it would make you have natural and pretty breast according to physiological period.
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5. Scrub time should be controlled within 30 minutes with appropriate strength that customers feel comfortable.
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7. People with and blood productivity and spontaneous hemorrhage are not suitable for treatment, including hemophilia, purpuric disease and leukemia.
8. People with serious skin allergic symptoms or acariasis are not suitable for treatment.
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are not suitable for treatment. People in drunk, thirsty or hungry situation should pay special attention.
10. Wash filter regularly to ensure the machine effect and lifetime.
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13. Don?t apply lymphatic detoxifying treatment when you are annoyed with ymphadenitis.
14. Patients with myocardial infarction, phlebitis depravation and intravenous tumor are not suitable for treatment.
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Tactile robotics technology will mean our robot overlords won?t crush us? on accident, at least

We've already created?robots that are better at?driving, cleaning, and?detecting pollution than humans, so it was only a matter of time before they outpaced our sense of touch as well. The robotics masters at?USC's Viterbi School of Engineering are working on tactile technology that allows robots to identify objects simply by grabbing them.

Using a robotic hand modeled after that of a human, the scientists overlaid rubberized "skin" capable of gripping delicate objects without crushing them. Using feedback from the fingertips ? including resistance and friction readings ? the robot can be trained to identify each item based on how they feel. Currently, the bot has 117 everyday materials in its memory banks, with more on the way.

The feature could be used in the future to allow robots to test consumer goods before sending them to market. Some day, a robot hand may judge the softness of your clothing, or even how ripe your vegetables are, before you ever see them in the store.

[via?Engadget]

This article originally appeared on Tecca

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?Give it a Go? Sports Day for All

All INCLUSIVE Sports Day for Children of ALL Abilities

When? Saturday 7th July

Where? Dublin City University Sports Complex

?

PROGRAMME OF EVENTS:

9.30AM ? REGISTRATION AND INTRODUCTION

10AM-1PM ? WHEELCHAIR RUGBY, WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL, WHEEL CHAIR TENNIS, WHEELCHAIR HURLING, HANDCYCLING

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Sandusky stays silent

BELLEFONTE, Pa. ? Connie Bowland arrived on the steps of the Centre County Courthouse at 3:20 a.m. Wednesday with her daughter, sister and niece. The guidance counselor at an area elementary school was here for one reason.

"I want to look him in the eye, I want to see him, face him," Bowland said.

"Him" is Jerry Sandusky, the former Penn State defensive coordinator and founder of the Second Mile charity that was designed to help at-risk youth. Over the last 13 years, Bowland sent numerous kids to Second Mile.

She thought then they were going to camps and programs. Now she believes it was right into the line of a predator.

"I feel total betrayal," Bowland said. "I sent him these kids that were at risk, underprivileged, to give them an opportunity they wouldn't have."

When Bowland heard on television Sandusky might take the witness stand Wednesday in his own defense against 51 counts of sexual molestation of children, she decided she couldn't miss it. If Jerry Sandusky was going to face the court, Connie Bowland wanted her face to be one of the ones he saw.

"I want to hear from him," she said.

She wouldn't get the chance.

The defense rested at 11:45 a.m. ET with Sandusky still seated at a table, silent.

[Related: Sandusky juror profiles: All Caucasians, most have ties to Penn State]

That's Sandusky's right and the jury of 12 has been instructed not to hold it against him. The prosecution decided to call no further witnesses. Judge John Cleland said closing arguments will begin Thursday at 9 a.m.

"How we getting home?" Sandusky asked his attorneys a few minutes later, as the courtroom cleared. It was a question loaded with literal and figurative meaning. He was told a family friend would drive him for what may be his last commute: He faces hundreds of years in prison if convicted on all counts. The jury could get the case by midday Thursday. They will be sequestered if deliberations push into Friday.

On a grander scale, the defense thinks they can bring Sandusky home for good after just three days of evidence and testimony and no words from the man on trial.

The risk of keeping Sandusky silent is that those jurors held the same opinion as Bowland, part of a community that feels the 68-year-old owes them an explanation. At the very least they were eager to hear his side of a he said-he said that included the testimony, often powerful, from eight alleged victims and two other witnesses to assaults.

Jerry Sandusky faces a possible long jail term. (AP)

Instead, the defense will bank on creating reasonable doubt by asserting Sandusky was the target of an overaggressive police investigation that coached potential victims, worked with a local newspaper and employed unethical tactics to frame a good man who simply wanted to help kids.

It's a huge gamble in the face of last week's emotionally gut-wrenching prosecution presentation. The state sent out a parade of men who through tears, sobs and gasps of breath detailed horrific act after horrific act in Penn State locker rooms, Sandusky's kid-friendly basement and hotel rooms on football road trips.

Terms such as "tickle monster," "soap battles," "it's your turn," "bloody underwear," "he blew on my stomach" and "severe sexual position," to name but a few, were seared into the jury's minds.

Putting Sandusky on the stand would have been fraught with risk. He didn't handle himself well in media interviews with NBC and the New York Times. However, not personally addressing the specific charges and explaining his propensity to shower with and lay in bed with young boys, activities Sandusky acknowledges he did regularly, is riskier.

[Related: Dan Wetzel: Jerry Sandusky's defense bolstered by tape of police interview]

The defense, according to a source, considered putting Sandusky on the stand as late as Tuesday evening but instead decided to go with what they could without the defendant's own words. No one was certain of the decision deep into Wednesday morning.

Over three days this week, the defense called a slew of character witnesses to assert Sandusky was a loving, caring, generous mentor to children. There was fairly ineffectual psychologist testimony trying to explain away the so-called "creep love letters" he sent Victim No. 4.

The defense made small dents in the credibility of former Penn State assistant football coach Mike McQueary, who testified he walked in on Sandusky and an unknown boy in the Penn State showers in 2001. It's unlikely it was enough to cause the jury to discount the entire testimony.

Instead, the focus was on sloppy police work. Tuesday's airing of an unexpected tape recording of one state trooper providing Victim No. 4 with background information on what other witnesses alleged contradicted specific testimony from the cops that they never engaged in such a practice.

Wednesday, as temperatures rose outside and courtroom No. 1 was filled to capacity for the first time in the trial, the defense continued to chip away.

It called David Hilton, now 21, who spent a great deal of time as a youth with Sandusky, including taking out-of-state trips and staying in the Sandusky basement. He said nothing inappropriate ever occurred but said he didn't trust police investigators when they questioned him on multiple occasions.

"I felt like they wanted me to say something that wasn't true," Hilton said. "They asked me the same question over and over."

Prosecutors countered that it was Hilton's uncle, concerned about his contact with Sandusky, who contacted them and even called again Tuesday evening.

[Related: Neighbors of jurors in Sandusky trial don't support him, want justice]

The defense was also able to introduce an email from Harrisburg (Pa.) Patriot news reporter Sara Ganim to the mother of Victim 6 saying the mother could contact a specific police investigator on the case.

Defense attorney Joe Amendola intimated in a hearing Tuesday afternoon that the defense might try to link that email with Ganim breaking news that Sandusky was under grand jury investigation to assert the cops and the newspaper were working together. More alleged victims came forward after news of the grand jury broke in March 2011.

Is a grand conspiracy enough here? Even if a juror believes it, how do they explain away McQueary, who first made his allegations in 2001, a group of janitors who said Sandusky was involved in a locker room molestation in 2000, and the 1998 investigation by Penn State police where charges were not filed?

The defense had little to work with in this case.

Sandusky's admitted behavior is troubling to most. They can't argue he never showered with boys. Instead they have to say that, yes he hugged and wrestled with them naked in empty shower rooms, but that it didn't, as all these kids insisted, go any further.

Trust Jerry, they'll say, even if you didn't hear from him directly.

"That's not enough for me," Connie Bowland said. "I'm angry."

The only good news for the defense is she isn't one of the jurors.

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